China’s AI Boom

Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance.

To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.

In a country well governed, poverty is something to be ashamed of. In a country badly governed, wealth is something to be ashamed of.


– Confucius –

Maurício Pinheiro

Ever since I first dove into Ku-Lee’s book “AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order (2018)”, I’ve been absolutely fascinated by the stark differences between China and the West. It’s not just about AI – my curiosity extends to every aspect of Chinese culture, politics, society, and entrepreneurship.

My father had the incredible opportunity to visit China in the 1980s through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and I’ll never forget the captivating booklet of poetry he brought back that recounted the myths and legends of Mount Emei. His stories and that booklet have also rekindled my passion to explore this mystical place (at least through books if not yet physically) and fulfill my lifelong dream.

Mount Emei at 3099 m by Saipal. Mount Emei, also known as Mount Omei, graces the landscape of Sichuan Province, China, with its majestic presence, rising to a height of 3,099 meters (10,167 ft). It holds the esteemed title of being the tallest among the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains in China, with its spiritual significance deeply rooted in the tradition of Buddhism. Situated on the western rim of the Sichuan Basin, this revered mountain overlooks the region, while the mountains to its west are known as Daxiangling. The geological context of the area includes the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, formed by volcanic eruptions from the Emeishan Traps during the Permian Period. Within its administrative scope lies the city of Emeishan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. Mount Emei holds sacred reverence as the bodhimaṇḍa, or place of enlightenment, for the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, known as Pǔxián Púsà in Mandarin. Historical accounts even mention martial arts practices in its monasteries, which connect to the renowned Shaolin Monastery as an origin point for Chinese martial arts.
CC BY-AS 2.0. June 30, 2007. Source: Wikimedia commons

The opening chapter of “AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order” by Kai-Fu Lee (2018) immediately seized my interest with its portrayal of the astounding strides China has taken in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI) and the profound implications it carries for the global economy.

China’s ascent to an AI leadership position can be attributed to a convergence of top-down robust government support, a vast and dynamic domestic market, and a gladitatorial competitive culture deeply ingrained in audacious entrepreneurship and innovative thinking. The Chinese government has invested significantly in AI research and development, as evidenced by a range of initiatives aimed at nurturing the industry.

These initiatives encompass not only funding research endeavors but also the establishment of specialized AI incubators, startups and accelerators, all while fostering the integration of AI across businesses and organizations. The burgeoning Chinese market has further fueled the growth of AI-driven products and services, catalyzing the evolution of cutting-edge technologies such as facial recognition systems, intelligent personal assistants, and autonomous vehicles.

China’s distinctive cultural milieu, characterized by a historical propensity to embrace risk and learn from failures, combined with an unwavering emphasis on education and training, has given rise to a talented pool of engineers and researchers propelling the advancement of AI within the country.

At the heart of this AI revolution in China lies Beijing, often hailed as its own Silicon Valley. It serves as a nucleus for tech behemoths like Baidu, Tencent, Alibaba, and a host of startups diligently working on AI and other groundbreaking technologies. The landmark Go match in 2016, pitting world champion Lee Sedol against the Deepmind’s AI marvel AlphaGo, garnered global attention and ignited public curiosity about the potential of AI in China.

Screenshot of Go showing divine move W78 from AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol by Axd. The monumental Go match between Lee Sedol and the groundbreaking AI program AlphaGo was an extraordinary event that resonated far beyond the realms of the game itself. In China, it served as a profound catalyst, igniting the flames of curiosity, innovation, and ambition in an entire generation of AI students, programmers, engineers, and technicians. This high-stakes contest showcased the immense power of artificial intelligence, demonstrating its ability to challenge and even surpass human capabilities in complex strategic thinking. For China, a nation renowned for its deep respect for tradition and an enduring commitment to technological advancement, this moment became a rallying point, a symbol of the remarkable possibilities that AI presents. Lee Sedol’s fierce determination, combined with AlphaGo’s relentless intelligence, became an emblem of the harmonious coexistence between human ingenuity and the transformative potential of AI. This pivotal event fostered a new wave of enthusiasm among the youth, inspiring them to delve into the fascinating realms of artificial intelligence, to innovate, to push boundaries, and to contribute to the ever-evolving landscape of technology. The Lee Sedol-AlphaGo match became more than a game; it became a beacon of aspiration, a source of inspiration, and a testament to the boundless prospects that lie ahead in a world where human intellect collaborates with artificial brilliance. CC BY-SA 4.0. June 14, 2019. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Startups such as SenseTime, Megvii, YITU Technology, and CloudMinds, play a pivotal role in China’s rapid rise to AI prominence, not only within the country but also on the global tech stage. These startups constitute the driving force behind AI innovation and growth, leveraging the latest advances in machine learning and other technological realms. Empowered by China’s robust ecosystem of investors, entrepreneurs, and engineers, and driven by a vast, ever-expanding market that clamors for AI-powered products and services, these startups are poised to shape the global economy.

Despite these encouraging advancements, valid concerns have surfaced regarding the application of AI in China and its potential impact on privacy, social credit systems, and the global collection of data to feed AI systems. The Chinese government’s extensive control over the tech industry, coupled with its use of technology for citizen monitoring and control, has raised legitimate apprehensions about the potential misuse of AI to further concentrate governmental power and potentially compromise civil liberties.

China’s social credit system, a notable development, is one such concern. This system utilizes AI and data-driven algorithms to assess individual behavior, generating a “credit score” that can affect a person’s access to various services and opportunities. While this system can be seen as a tool to promote positive behavior and social cohesion, it also raises questions about privacy, surveillance, and potential misuse.

Furthermore, China’s global data collection efforts have drawn attention. The vast amounts of data collected by Chinese tech companies and government agencies, both domestically and abroad, fuel their AI systems. This expansive data gathering has prompted concerns about the ethical use of this data, potential security risks, and the implications for individuals and societies beyond China’s borders.

Addressing these concerns necessitates the establishment of clear and comprehensive guidelines and global regulations governing AI usage. Ensuring transparency and accountability throughout AI development and deployment, coupled with fostering open public debate and engagement, is of paramount importance. These measures will be pivotal in ensuring that AI’s deployment in China serves the broader global public interest while steadfastly respecting civil liberties.

In summary, the rapid progress of AI in China will have far-reaching effects on the global economy. This progress is rooted in a combination of government support, a vibrant domestic market, and a culture that reveres bold innovation. While valid concerns persist about the potential impact of AI on politics and civil liberties in China, the implementation of clear regulations, the promotion of transparency, and the encouragement of public engagement will be vital in ensuring that AI’s role in China benefits the broader global interest while upholding civil liberties.

Bianzhong – traditional chinese bells (percussion instrument). Bianzhong (編鐘) is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, played melodically. China is the earliest country to manufacture and use musical chimes. They are also called Chime Bells. These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2,000 to 3,600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a mallet. Using a wooden hammer and a rod to beat the bronze bell can make different pitch. Along with the stone chimes called bianqing, they were an important instrument in China’s ritual and court music going back to ancient times. This cultural artifact beautifully correlates with Confucianism, reflecting the Chinese folk acceptance of the individual’s role within society. Each bell in the bianzhong ensemble carries a distinct note, just as each individual in the community plays a unique role, yet together they create a harmonious music. This notion of “harmonic music” mirrors the Confucian concept of a well-ordered society, where each individual contributes to the overall harmony and balance, creating a metaphorical symphony of societal cohesion. This ancient musical treasure serves as a powerful reminder of the intricate connection between culture, harmony, and the timeless appreciation for the individual within the collective framework of society. The original uploader was Zzjgbc at Chinese Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 3.0. 29 January 2005 (original upload date). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Challenges for China to Achieve Sustainable Growth in the Coming Decades

China has emerged as a key driver of global economic growth in recent decades, propelled by sweeping economic reforms that began in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This transformative journey has witnessed unprecedented expansion, with average annual growth rates exceeding 8%, propelling China to become the world’s second-largest economy. The core elements of these reforms encompassed trade liberalization, the embrace of foreign investments, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises, all of which have been instrumental in leveraging China’s abundant and cost-effective labor force to assert its dominance in international trade. Simultaneously, this economic evolution has nurtured a thriving domestic market, marked by a burgeoning middle class and increased consumption, bolstered by extensive investments in infrastructure and technology.

Image Generated with Midjourney using the prompt ‘Chinese People’s Republic’. China operates under a unique one-party political system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The CPC guides governance, policy-making, and socio-economic development, with the President and General Secretary of the CPC holding significant influence. The National People’s Congress (NPC) is the highest legislative body, responsible for passing laws, approving the national budget, and making key policy decisions. The State Council, led by the Premier, oversees law implementation. China’s system emphasizes socialism with Chinese characteristics, focusing on growth, poverty alleviation, and ‘harmonious society.’ The CPC shapes domestic and foreign policies, aiming for social stability, economic development, and global influence. While differing from Western democratic models, China’s unique structure has driven rapid socio-economic progress. The seamless integration of leadership, governance, and policy-making is crucial as China asserts its global role, addressing 21st-century challenges

China’s growing economic prowess has catalyzed its active engagement in critical global issues, such as trade, environmental concerns, and security matters, underlining its ascent as a prominent global actor. However, amidst this remarkable growth, the nation faces its share of internal challenges. Income inequality is a significant concern, sparking worries about social stability and the country’s ability to sustain long-term economic growth. Additionally, demographic shifts characterized by an aging population and a declining birth rate could wield substantial economic and social repercussions in the coming years.

China has not been immune to criticism, both at home and abroad, for issues such as the repression of political dissidents and ethnic minorities, as well as limitations on freedom of expression and press. Addressing these challenges is essential for the Chinese government and for nations working in tandem with China to ensure sustained and equitable economic growth while safeguarding fundamental human rights.

Externally, China navigates complex international relations, characterized by strategic considerations. Its interactions with Russia have deepened in recent years, bolstered by increased trade and collaboration on various global fronts, including the United Nations Security Council, potentially recalibrating the global balance of power. Notably, the Taiwan issue remains a sensitive point, with China asserting its sovereignty over Taiwan and the United States maintaining diplomatic relations with the island, pledging defense in the event of an attack.

South China Sea Maritime Claims. The topic of South China Sea maritime claims is a matter of great significance in the realm of international relations and maritime law. This complex issue involves multiple nations, each asserting their respective territorial and economic rights in the South China Sea. The South China Sea is a region of vital importance due to its strategic location, serving as a crucial maritime route for trade and commerce. The maritime claims, including territorial sovereignty over natural and artificial islands, reefs, and the delimitation of exclusive economic zones, have led to disputes and tensions in the region. By National Defense University Press. Public domain. 2011. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

The South China Sea, a region vital for trade and geopolitics, has become a focal point of tension as China’s expansive claims to islands and waters collide with those of neighboring countries like Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Addressing these external challenges requires careful consideration by both the Chinese government and international partners as they navigate a complex geopolitical landscape.

Demographic change poses a significant concern for China, with an aging population and a dwindling workforce, potentially affecting its ability to sustain economic growth. The elderly population is rapidly expanding due to a declining birth rate and longer life expectancy, necessitating reforms in the social security system while countering potential economic consequences stemming from a reduced consumption pattern.

Simultaneously, China’s workforce is experiencing a decline, attributed to both the previous one-child policy and the prevailing birth rate trends. This could influence China’s economic competitiveness by reducing the number of workers available for producing goods and services. Overcoming these demographic challenges mandates measures to boost the birth rate, bolster social security systems, support the elderly, and increase productivity with a leaner workforce.

Another crucial concern is income growth, a pivotal component in ensuring sustainable economic growth and averting social instability. While China’s per capita income has risen rapidly, it remains lower in comparison to other developed nations. This income inequality issue, with a disproportionate share of wealth concentrated in the hands of a privileged elite, poses questions about social stability and the nation’s capacity to sustain long-term economic progress. To tackle this challenge, the Chinese government must introduce policies aimed at enhancing per capita income and reducing income inequality. Measures might include improving education and workforce training, fostering increased worker participation in corporate profits, and strengthening social safety nets for the most vulnerable segments of the population.

To sustain long-term growth, China’s transition to a consumption-driven economy is a pressing need. Although the nation’s economy has historically relied heavily on exports and investments, changing global dynamics demand a pivot towards domestic consumption. Developed economies experiencing stagnation are affecting the growth potential of Chinese exports. Moreover, a rapidly growing domestic consumption market within China must be leveraged to propel the economy forward.

Transitioning to a consumption-driven model not only bolsters China’s economic prospects but also holds the promise of reducing income inequality. This shift can enhance employment opportunities and wages for low-income workers, ultimately promoting stability in the face of global economic fluctuations. Policymakers in China need to implement strategies promoting domestic consumption, such as tax reductions for consumers and increased credit access for low-income households. Simultaneously, nurturing service industries and cutting-edge technology sectors can stimulate job creation and elevate per capita income.

Environmental protection is another formidable challenge. China’s rapid economic growth has taken a toll on its environment, leading to air, water, and soil pollution, along with deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The country ranks among the largest global emitters of greenhouse gases, necessitating robust measures to mitigate climate change effects. A delicate balance between economic expansion and environmental conservation is essential. Investment in clean energy and energy-efficient technologies, along with safeguarding biodiversity through protected areas and sustainable forestry management, can contribute to a healthier environment.

This true-color image over eastern China 2002 (NASA). Notice how the smog fills the valleys and courses around the contours of the terrain in China’s hilly and mountainous regions. The terrain higher in elevation is less obscured by the smog than the lower lying plains and valleys in the surrounding countryside. This scene spans roughly from Beijing (near top center) to the Yangtze River, the mouth of which can be seen toward the bottom right. Toward the upper right corner, the Bo Hai Bay is rather obscured by the plume of pollution blowing eastward toward Korea and the Pacific Ocean. Toward the bottom right, the Yangtze River is depositing its brownish, sediment-laden waters into the Yellow Sea. Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

China’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, coupled with adapting to the realities of climate change, encompass strategies like greater reliance on renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, alongside investments in carbon capture and storage technologies. Climate-resilient infrastructure is also paramount, shielding against storms and floods. It is worth noting that environmental protection presents an opportunity for China, fostering the growth of clean and renewable technologies while enhancing economic competitiveness. These measures improve overall quality of life and protect human health, striking a crucial balance for China’s future.

Lastly, the pursuit of technological excellence is essential for China to maintain its global leadership in this arena. Strategic investments in cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, information technology, and biotechnology have positioned China as a leader in various fields. This technological prowess, however, raises concerns, particularly with respect to cybersecurity and data protection. Although China has made significant strides in innovation, there remains a gap in essential technologies such as semiconductors compared to developed nations.

Continued competitiveness demands ongoing investment in emerging technologies while enhancing existing ones. Developing scientific and technological capabilities to attract and retain top talent, along with robust intellectual property protection, are paramount. Equally important is research and development infrastructure, nurturing an environment conducive to technological innovation. Reducing dependence on imports through the creation and commercialization of innovative technologies strengthens China’s global competitiveness. Collaboration between companies and universities, coupled with a clear policy framework, will be instrumental in fostering innovation and maintaining a robust technological edge.

The “Chinese Dragon” image is a captivating creation, brought to life by the ingenious generative AI tool, midjurney. In this evocative artwork, we witness the mesmerizing spectacle of a Chinese Dragon, a revered symbol of power, longevity, and cosmic energy, elegantly devouring its own tail. This artistic portrayal encapsulates the timeless concept of the “Ouroboros,” a symbol found in various cultures, representing the cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth. In this context, the Chinese Dragon embodies the cycle of continuous transformation and renewal, reflecting the interconnectedness of all things, the perpetual flow of time, and the profound harmony of the universe. As the dragon consumes its own tail, it symbolizes the infinite cycle of creation and destruction, underscoring the unity of opposites, the eternal dance of yin and yang. The image encapsulates the essence of cosmic balance, symbolizing the unending evolution that defines both the natural world and the rich tapestry of Chinese cultural symbolism.

Facing these multifaceted challenges requires the concerted efforts of the Chinese government, businesses, universities, and international partners. Establishing mechanisms for international cooperation, attracting foreign talent, and resolving trade tensions are essential components of a successful strategy. China’s ability to navigate these complex challenges will determine its future as a global economic powerhouse and technological trailblazer. Addressing these challenges head-on while promoting equitable growth and cooperation will undoubtedly cement China’s role as a global economic player and a technological frontrunner.

Reference: https://ourworldindata.org/country/china

Case Study: Mobike: Driving Innovation in Urban Transportation with IoT, AI and WeChat

Founded in 2015, Mobike has become a trailblazer in the bike-sharing industry, leveraging the power of IoT, AI, and social media to create a seamless and convenient urban transportation experience. With a user base of over 100 million people and a valuation of over $3 billion in 2021, Mobike’s innovative approach has made it one of the most successful bike-sharing companies in the world.

Photo: An array of vibrant Mobikes in Xuzhuang, captured during the dynamic urban transportation revolution that has swept China, marking a pivotal moment in 2015. This bustling scene not only highlights the omnipresence of Mobike’s signature orange bicycles but also serves as a powerful testament to the role of AI-powered shared mobility solutions in shaping modern urban living. As a frontrunner in the shared bike industry, Mobike has harnessed the potential of AI to revolutionize transportation, offering millions of city dwellers a seamless, eco-conscious, and affordable way to navigate bustling metropolises. The prominence of Mobikes in Xuzhuang underscores the successful fusion of cutting-edge technology and sustainable urban mobility, painting a compelling portrait of a city propelled by both human innovation and the transformative potential of AI. April 2020 Source: Wikimedia Commons.

At the heart of Mobike’s technology lies the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that enable these objects to connect and exchange data. Mobike leverages IoT to monitor usage patterns and optimize its fleet in real-time, improving the user experience. For instance, sensors on Mobike bikes provide data on usage patterns, which the company uses to make informed decisions about bike placement and maintenance.

In addition to IoT, Mobike also employs Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to analyze data and predict demand, helping place bikes in the right locations and making it easier for users to find a ride. The company prioritizes safety and security as well, using facial recognition technology to verify user identity and prevent theft and misuse of bikes. Mobike has also integrated with WeChat, China’s most popular social media platform, allowing users to make payments through the app and streamlining the bike rental process.

Mobike’s innovative use of IoT has also enabled the company to collect massive amounts of data, which it leverages to drive its AI algorithms and improve the user experience. The data collected from Mobike’s sensors provides valuable insights into user behavior and usage patterns, helping the company make informed decisions about bike placement, maintenance, and other operational aspects. This data-driven approach has made Mobike a leader in the application of AI in the bike-sharing industry in China.

The data collected by Mobike is becoming increasingly valuable as well, providing valuable insights into urban populations and the potential to drive new and innovative applications of AI in areas such as urban planning and transportation policy. This data-driven approach is transforming the AI landscape in China and setting the standard for how big data can be leveraged to create value in the transportation sector.

The combination of bikes, IoT, AI, and payment systems through WeChat has transformed the way people get around cities in China, serving as a model for how technology can be leveraged to create a seamless, efficient, and convenient urban transportation experience. With a valuation of over $3 billion and a user base of over 100 million, Mobike’s innovative approach has made it a leading player in the transformation of urban transportation.

The Main Reference: “AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order” by Kai-Fu Lee (2018)

“AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order” by Kai-fu Lee is a book that delves into the intersection of artificial intelligence and global politics in a thought-provoking and insightful manner. Written by a leading expert in the field, Dr. Kai-fu Lee, who boasts decades of experience in both China and Silicon Valley, the book offers a unique perspective on the ways in which AI is shaping the future of the world and the potential implications for nations and individuals. The book, which is well-researched and presents a balanced view of the opportunities and challenges posed by AI, is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the impact of this technology on our society.

Photo: Dr. Kai-Fu Lee speaks onstage during Day 1 of TechCrunch Disrupt at Moscone Center on September 5, 2018 in San Francisco, California. (Photo by Steve Jennings/Getty Images for TechCrunch). Born in Taipei, Taiwan on September 3, 1961, Dr. Lee is a computer scientist, venture capitalist, and AI expert with over 30 years of experience in the industry. He began his career in the United States, earning a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University, before working at renowned companies such as Apple, Microsoft, and SGI. In the late 1990s, he moved to China where he founded Google China and served as the President of Google Asia. Following his tenure at Google, he founded Sinovation Ventures in 2009, an AI-focused venture fund. With his deep understanding of both the Chinese and American AI landscapes, Dr. Lee is uniquely qualified to write about the intersection of AI and global politics. Through his book, readers will gain a greater appreciation for the author’s knowledge and experience in the field of AI. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Overall, “AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order” is a well-researched and thought-provoking book that provides a balanced view of the opportunities and challenges posed by AI. Dr. Lee’s experience in the field of AI make him uniquely qualified to write about this topic, and the book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the impact of this technology on our society. The book is a comprehensive examination of the intersection of AI and global politics and provides a unique perspective on the ways in which AI is shaping the future of the world. I hope readers find this review informative and engaging and that they, too, will find the book to be as informative and thought-provoking as I did.

From the same Author: AI 2041,” a visionary collaboration between Kai-Fu Lee, and celebrated novelist Chen Qiufan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to reshape our world in profound ways over the next two decades. It will become the defining force of the twenty-first century, profoundly altering the fabric of daily life. AI’s impact will be far-reaching, from driving unparalleled wealth creation to revolutionizing fields like medicine and education through human-machine collaboration. We’ll experience entirely new forms of communication and entertainment, and AI’s ability to liberate us from mundane tasks will challenge the very foundations of our economic and social systems. Yet, as AI evolves, so will the risks, such as autonomous weapons and technology inheriting human biases. The world is at a critical juncture, where we must recognize the radiant possibilities of AI as well as its existential threats to our way of life. In “AI 2041,” readers are taken on a captivating journey into the year 2041. Through ten compelling short stories set in diverse locations like San Francisco, Tokyo, Mumbai, Seoul, and Munich, the book explores the transformative impact of AI on different aspects of society. From job reallocation to immersive celebrity worship, big data’s influence on romance, advanced natural language processing enabling new connections, and rogue scientists harnessing quantum computing for global impact, these stories provide a thought-provoking glimpse into our collective future. “AI 2041” serves as an essential reminder that while AI may be a powerful force, the ultimate authorship of our destiny rests with humanity.

Bonus Movie Recommendation: American Factory

Recently, I stumbled upon a Netflix original documentary movie that really hit home. “American Factory” (美国工厂) offers invaluable insights into the cultural and economic clashes between America and China. It’s a must-watch for anyone who shares my intense curiosity about this fascinating country. ChatGPT’s review is solid:

“American Factory” is a thought-provoking documentary film that delves into the complex world of cross-cultural business. The movie follows the journey of a shuttered General Motors plant in Ohio that reopens under the ownership of a Chinese company, Fuyao Glass America. The film sheds light on the cultural differences between American workers and Chinese management, and the challenges they face as they try to work together to revive the factory. The movie is directed by Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert, and it premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Directing Award in the US Documentary Competition. The film went on to win the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2020, along with several other prizes and nominations, including the Critics’ Choice Documentary Award for Best Documentary Feature and the Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Documentary. As a recommendation from AI-Talks.org, this movie has been highly regarded for its authentic portrayal of the struggles of the working class and the challenges of globalization. “American Factory” has received widespread critical acclaim for its honest and insightful storytelling, making it a must-watch for anyone interested in the complexities of cross-cultural business.

And here is the official trailer:

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